Resolving The Pure Enantiomers Of Phenylethylamine Environmental Sciences Essay

The plan of this exploration lab was to choose the unadulterated enantiomorphs of (  ± ) - ?- phenylethylamine ( racemic ) blend, by separating their diasteriomeric inferred capacities using ( + ) - tartaric corrosive. The varying enantiomorphs structure various salts with acids. Two atoms that are enantiomorphs have about indistinct physical and compound belongingss in spite of the fact that this might be valid, the salts that are framed after the response with corrosive have recognizable belongingss. A few salts are less dissolvable [ ( + ) ( †) ] than others, and subsequently solidify from the blend in an about unadulterated stereoisomeric signifier. While using NaOH as a solid base to deal with the salt, it considers the detachment of the enantiomorph ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) . Polarimetry is a typical strategy used to isolate between enantiomorphs, in view of their capacity to spin the plane of energized obvious radiation in inverse waies ( + and †) . This permits the pe rceiver to discover the enantiomeric immaculateness, and subsequently the making out of the blend ( Wade, 2007 Concoction Chemical response: ( †) - amine ( + ) - amine less dissolvable salt [ ( †) ( + ) ] : solidifies increasingly solvent salt [ ( + ) ( + ) ] stays in arrangement 2NaOH+ 2H2O( †) - ?- phenylethylamine ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) Method: Then again of using a 50 milliliter recepticle to heat up the amine arrangement in, we utilized a 50 milliliter Erlenmyer jar For the rest of the proceduce allude to pg. 18, 22-24 ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) Perceptions: The gems were given a 4 hebdomad crystallization period and a short time later, the ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine-( + ) - hydrogen tartrate salt was seen to be a white crystalline strong, and the methyl liquor was a crystalline fluid. Two extremely recognizable beds were seeable after the response with the NaOH ( solid base ) and extra of the methylene chloride ( CH2Cl2 ) . The top bed was translucent in some topographic focuses and murky in others, extremely shady, white fluid, while the base bed was crystalline what's more fluid. The orderly blend following the three separate extractions was near straightforward Results: Table 1: Experimental Datas: Multitudes and Optical Rotations Mass Channel Paper 0.58 g Channel Paper + Initial Crystal Sample 8.25 g Recuperated Crystal Sample 7.67 g 50 milliliters Erlenmeyer Flask with 2 bubbling rocks 39.75 g 50 milliliters Erlenmeyer Flask with Amine product and 2 bubbling rocks 42.63 g Amine stock 2.88 g Optical Rotation Explicit Rotation of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine - 31.8o Table 2: Experimental Raw Given Data Volume of (  ± ) - ?- phenylethylamine 10.0 milliliter Thickness of (  ± ) - ?- phenylethylamine 0.9395 g/mL Atomic Weight of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine 121.8 g/mol Atomic Weight of ( + ) - tartaric corrosive 150.09 g/mol [ ? ] D ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine - 40.4o  ± 0.2o Table 3: Multitudes, Moles, Optical Purity, and % Output Mass (  ± ) - ?- phenylethylamine 9.40 g Gram atoms (  ± ) - ?- phenylethylamine 0.0776 mol Gram atoms ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine 0.0388 mol Gram atoms of tartaric corrosive: 0.0388 mol Rate Output of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine-( + ) - hydrogen tartrate 73.1 % Rate Output of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine 61.3 % Optical Purity 83.7 % Computations: % Output of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine-( + ) - hydrogen tartrate: Mass (  ± ) - ?- phenylethylamine Gram atoms (  ± ) - ?- phenylethylamine m (  ± ) - ?- phenylethylamine = thickness ten volume = 0.9395 g/mL X 10 milliliter = 9.40 g N (  ± ) - ?- phenylethylamine = mass/atomic weight = 9.40 g/121.18 g/mol = 0.0776 mol Gram atoms ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine and tartaric corrosive: N ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine = 0.0776 mol/2 = 0.0388 mol *Racemic blend so separated by 2* ( half of whole moles ) N ( + ) - tartaric acerb = N ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine = 0.0388 mol Hypothetical Output of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine-( + ) - hydrogen tartrate: Genuine Output of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine-( + ) - hydrogen tartrate: m ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine-( + ) - hydrogen tartrate = n x M = 0.0388 mol X ( 121.18 g/mol + 150.09 g/mol ) = 10.5 g m ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine-( + ) - hydrogen tartrate = Mass channel paper + introductory gem test †Mass channel paper = 8.25 g †0.58 g = 7.67 g Rate Output of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine-( + ) - hydrogen tartrate: % Output = ( Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield ) X 100 % I? Genuine ( what was gotten after trial ) = ( 7.67 g/10.5 g ) X 100 % I? Hypothetical ( the mass that should hold been = 73.1 % got if all aminoalkane was extricated ) % Output of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine: Hypothetical Output of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine Real Output of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine Since the underlying blend was racemic: m ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine = m (  ± ) - ?- phenylethylamine/2 = 9.40 g/2 = 4.70 g m ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine = mflask w/amine+ rocks - mflask w/rocks = 39.75 g †42. 63 g = 2.88 g Rate Output of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine % Output = ( Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield ) X 100 % I? Real ( what was gotten after examination ) = ( 2.88 g/4.70 g ) X 100 % I? Hypothetical ( the mass that should hold been = 61.3 % got if all aminoalkane was separated Optical Purity of Sample: Hypothetical Optical Purity: Real Optical Purity: Optical Purity = - 40.4o  ± 0.2o Explicit Rotation ( [ ? ] D ) : =Optical Rotation [ ? ( watched ) ]/c * 1 = - 31.8o/( 1.0 diabetes mellitus x 0.94 g/mL ) = - 33.8o Optical Purity: = ( Actual optical immaculateness acquired/hypothetical optical virtue ) X 100 % = - 33.8o/ - 40.4o x 100 % = 83.7 % Conversation: When the ( + ) - tartaric corrosive was added to the racemic blend, (  ± ) - ?- phenylethylamine, ( †) - amine-( + ) - hydrogen tartrate, and ( + ) - amine-( + ) - hydrogen tartrate salts were framed. The ( †) - amine-( + ) - hydrogen tartrate was significantly less solvent in methyl liquor, and henceforth solidified out of the arrangement ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) . This strategy for detachment was demonstrated to be somewhat effective, as the per centum yield of this crystallization was 73.1 % , which is relatively high. The nearness of drosss, each piece great as the failure to completely take shape the salt from methyl liquor most likely ascribed to any contradictions. It is other than conceivable that in spite of the fact that the ( †) ( + ) salt is less dissolvable than different salts, it despite everything has a dissolvability, and thus solidifies rather simple ( consequently the obligatory 2 hebdomad holding up period, in our occasion it was 4 hebdomads ) . As gr eat, different salts, in spite of their high dissolvability in methyl liquor, may keep despite everything solidified actually to some degree over the long holding up period, adding to drosss Expansion of NaOH brought about the development of two discernable beds: a white, shady fluid bed ( top ) , and an unmistakable aminoalkane bed ( underside ) , and took into consideration the disengagement of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) . The extra of 5 milliliter of H2O to the cup affirm that the top bed was the fluid bed, since it expanded near to the base bed and the H2O was retained here ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) . The watery bed comprised of the ( †) - amine, alongside Na tartrate, and H2O, while the aminoalkane bed incorporated any drosss. The Na tartrate promptly broke down in H2O, while methylene chloride ( CH2Cl2 ) was added to become dull ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine ( breaking point ~ 186oC ) , since it had a lower breaking point ( 40oC ) , and could simple be evacuated through warming ( Synthesis and presentation of alpha-phenyethylamine. After a filtration strategy, including a progression of extractions, there was per centum yield of 61.3 % for the ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine, which is a lower yield than the first 73.1 % , bespeaking that there was lost aminoalkane during the second part of the trial procedure. The central reason for this error was the accidental removal of a significant part of the aminoalkane bed, in which a little aggregate of ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine was as yet present. The nearness of some drosss may hold other than influenced outcomes, in any case, they would hold on the other hand expanded the yield and lead to misleading results. Another conceivable reason for botch is the little getaway out of the glass plug on the separatory channel when the arrangement was shaken. There was a spot of arrangement that spilled out the underside or spurted out the top when given up ofing the power per unit territory in the pipe. In this manner, the slip-up that very much brought down the yield of the product extraordinarily builds the optical immaculateness of the blend. The found out rotating movement of the finishing up test was - 31. 8o ( levorotatory, left manus rotating movement ) and the particular rotational movement was - 33.8o contrasted and the observational explicit turning movement of - 40.4o  ± 0.2o ( Lab Manual, 2007 ) . The specialist optical immaculateness was 83.7 % , which is well high. Beside the previously referenced removal of the natural bed, army different mix-ups, for example, the nearness of drosss may hold added to divergences in the optical immaculateness. The negative ( hostile clockwise ) turning movement essentially affirmed that the enantiomorph being disconnected was the ( †) - ?- phenylethylamine, and the high optical virtue exhibited that the extraction was cultivated with much achievement and extensive truth, since the closing product was mostly ( †) - amine, in spite of the similarly low yield.

Article analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Article investigation - Essay Example The internationalization procedure helps being developed and relevance of the internationalization procedure hypothesis to the few showcasing activities (Conconi, Sapir, and Zanardi, 2013). For instance, the steady internationalization process moves the association to enter markets, which have an effect of the financial, social and social similitudes with the developing local and worldwide markets. The investigation will manage the different dimensional parts of internationalization and its impact on the business exercises (Birnik and Bowman, 2007). The creator of the examination will likewise feature the different aspects of methodologies that help in the advancement of developing markets. At last, the investigation will finish up the effect of developing markets on the created and creating economy for the achievement of the association and the economy itself. Developing Markets of Developed and Developing Economy The continuous internationalization process requires investigation of the market with a few chances and pretty much with fair likenesses. This procedure additionally helps in tending to the dangers related with imaginative capacity and furthermore the apparent dangers related with outside market passage. There are typically different measurements to the market passage which increments with the outside section modes, and the measurements incorporate asset responsibility and request of market passage. Slow internationalization requires less asset duty, for example, sending out right from the earliest starting point of the market passage and afterward move into other section modes. Asset responsibility requires accentuation on the apparent hazard related with every one of the market passage modes (Cai, 2000). The subsequent measurement is the request for advertise section modes, which lays accentuation on an association attempting to go into residential markets and afterward venturing into worldwide markets. This request for passage is otherwise called clairvoyant separation on the internationalization hypothesis. Developing markets have been viewed as the alluring source and target advertise for additional activity and extension of the base exercises. These developing markets have been viewed as the base of assembling exercises because of their simple accessibility, high caliber and modest work and simple to-gather crude materials. The global enterprise has extended by opening a few units around the world. It has been seen that Internet associations develop a worldwide scale for decrease in deviation strategies and mistakes in their dispersion framework (Gustafson, 2011). The Internet association has extended a bigger scope for more extensive tasks and furthermore increments in their result for different purposes. Internationalization Process Theory The idea of internationalization process was planned by Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul and was changed step by step by different creators. The internationalization procedure contrasts insignificantly between approach details and business as usual. This procedure likewise helps in conceptualizing the universal promoting hypothesis in an alternate manner, which is regularly named as a pioneering truth (Shirani, 2009). The significant goals of the internationalization procedure is access to minimal effort creation, nearness to providers, accessibility of specialized and non-specialized abilities, lessening rivalry, vitality, and so on. (Kim, 2003). The internationalization procedure likewise helps in understanding the passage mode systems and building up a market section mode for the organization in like manner. Internationaliza

A Letter to Parents Whose Kids Just Got Into College (read on Staying Sane) TKG

A Letter to Parents Whose Kids Just Got Into College (read on Staying Sane) Dear Moms Dads,Congratulations! Your baby just got into college, or is about to. You’re probably feeling a flood of conflicting emotions. Relief comes alongside anxiety, joy can collide with a feeling of impending loss, and excitement crashes into “Wait, this is real?!?” The arrival of any college acceptance, whether a dream school or a safety, should be a day of celebration, but for a huge number of parents, it is equally, or even more, terrifying.The number one question we get asked by parents after their kid is accepted into college is, “What do I do now?” The second most common question is “Does my kid still need me?” The second question has an easy answer: YES. Your kid still needs you. You’re not done being parents. They will need help figuring out how to do their laundry.But that comes later. As for what you need to do now, the number one thing is to be supportive.Your kid is scared. Most won't say it, and many won't admit it even if asked, but that doesn’t mean that they aren’t more than a little terrified at the prospect of leaving home. Even if they’ve been to sleep-away camp or went to boarding school, college is a totally different experience. There won’t be counselors guiding them around, or adults looking over their shoulder. Mom and dad won’t be next door. They’ll need to advocate for themselves, and learning how to do that can come with some rough patches. So, while they are definitely excited and are wearing the sweatshirt, they are still scared of this weird far-off thing that is suddenly real, impending, and terrifying.So support them, be there for them, but don’t shelter them. Don’t exclude them from conversations about the metrics of college (yes, we mean the money), just because they’re uncomfortable conversations to have. Include your kids because they need to understand money, and include your kids because them knowing what is going into their education will help them in taking full advantage of the opp ortunity.While you’re helping your kid take on the responsibilities of an adult, know that they may revert to child-like behaviors. No one really talks about this, but they are in a weird limbo, trapped between adulthood and independence and the reality that they are still in high schoolâ€"and that’s an uncomfortable place to be. They may become nostalgic because they feel like their childhood is ending (don’t be surprised if there’s an uptick in hugs and the childhood albums come out). And they may act out as a way of triggering the parental attention they think they may lose come fall (also don’t be surprised if they break rules they’d dutifully followed before those acceptances came).Don’t let yourself be a punching bag and don’t let your kid become a victim to the senior spring slide, but remember to act out of a place of support. The brain your kid ends their senior year with is the brain they’ll start college with. If they are focused in May, they’ll be foc used in September, so keep doing what you’re doing because it clearly worked.Take deep breaths. Take time for yourself. And, no, you’re not old.With love and respect,Caroline KoppelmanP.S. Bonus tip from a parent who’s sent three kids to college: Consider taking a video of your kid right after they get accepted, or when they are particularly happy about going to college. Save it and then send it to them two months into their freshman year when they are struggling because things aren’t coming as easily as they expected. They’ll appreciate it, and you’ll both get a laugh.

The Forbidden Romantic Love Between Romeo And Juliet Essay

The forbidden romantic love between Romeo and Juliet. By Ashleigh Moseley. Year 10 English: Mrs Shaw. For this anthology about love I have chosen, and mainly centred around the topic of love that is forbidden. With this type of love, comes many struggles and questions that I’m sure must go through the minds of people in this situation. This is what happens with Romeo and Juliet in the Play written by William Shakespeare in 1591. It will be a romance that will strongly challenge them, but as we see it will not break the bond of love they have for each other. In this task I will try to describe the pain, happiness, frustration, forgiveness, anger, and joy through a collection of shorts texts that come with the topic of persecuted, and forbidden love. Author unknown. Juliet is willing to love Romeo no matter what. I think that this short poem describes the nature of their love very well. This is how they think, act and live out their love for each other. 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NICE Properties of Auxiliary Verbs

Analysis of the Cell Phone Industry - 1253 Words

FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS OF THE CELL PHONE INDUSTRY The cell phone industry is a competitive market and will increase continuously. The profitability of individual companies is driven mainly by their ability to develop new products, providing better service and making their products affordable for consumers. Profitability of companies is achieved also by taking advantage of product marketing, access to capital, and by inquiring the expertise to improve the cell phones. The profitability of the cell phone industry depends on the number of consumers they can attract. The profitability of the cell phone industry is dependent on the volume of consumers they can attract. The cell phone industry looks strong and competitive between the†¦show more content†¦The only real substitute is to buy all the functions of a mobile phone in the individual products, which would not be plausible to carry all around on a person at the same time. 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LESS ATTRACTIVE FACTOR FOR THE FIVE FORCES MODEL After having analysed all the factors we have concluded that the less attractive factor is the powers of buyers for the cell phone industry. This is due to the fact that there are a lot of choices for customers when buying a mobile phone (high rivalry). Besides, the network operators sign contracts with customers for 24 months in orderShow MoreRelatedCell Phone Industry Analysis3513 Words   |  15 Pages| | | CELL PHONE INDUSTRY ANALYSIS by Rohan Ramchandani Zaheer Sayyed Introduction 1 Dominant Economic Indicator 1 1. Market Size: 1 2. Scope of Competitive Rivalry: 1 3. Stage in Life Cycle: 2 4. Numbers of Companies in the Industry: 2 5. Customers: 3 6. Technology/Innovation: 4 7. 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Transgender and People free essay sample

The prevalence of transsexuals varies across countries, it is speculated that cultural factors and social convention play an important role in determining the number of transsexuals who choose to themselves and be counted. In Singapore, the prevalence of transsexuals is 1:2900 for male to female and 1:8300 whereas in Netherlands, it is 1:11,900 for male to female and 1:30,400 for female to male. (Cuypere, Hemelrijck, Michael, Carael, Heylens, Rubens, Hoebeke, Monstrey; 2006) Transsexuals suffer from legal discrimination in many part of Asia. While it is possible for post operative transsexuals to legally change their sex in Philippines and some part of China, it is not possible in Hong Kong. Post operative transsexuals are transsexuals who have undergone a sex reassignment surgery. Currently the United Kingdom has been hailed as the leader in human rights for transsexuals and transgender people with the passage of the Gender Recognition Act in 2004. The law legislates that sex reassignment surgery and hormonal therapy are not required before one can legally change their sex in the United Kingdom. (Sharpe, 2009) Currently in Canada, gender identity and gender expression are not explicitly protected from discrimination on a federal level as well as in Ontario. (Xtra, May 17, 2010) In 2008, the Ontario government reinstated public funding for sex reassignment surgery for an average of 8 to 10 people per year; British Columbia, Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Saskatchewan also provide public funding for sex reassignment surgery. (Bird, The Ottawa Citizen, 2008) According to the Journal of Association of nurses in AIDS Care, Trans is an umbrella term that includes transsexuals transitioned, transgender, gender queer people and two spirited people, encompassing a diverse group of people whose gender identity or expression not normally expected. (Bauer, Hammond, Travers, Kaay, Hohenadel and Boyce, 2009) Gender identity is unrelated to sexual orientation, transsexuals are people whose identified gender is in contrast with their biological sex assigned at birth. (American Psychological Association, 2009) The World Professional Association for Transgender Health is responsible for developing the Standards of Care for hormonal and surgical sex reassignment of Gender Dysphonic persons. The guidelines is still regularly updated to serve the evolving psychological, medical and surgical needs for individuals with GID. The guidelines allow youths with parental consent to undertake reversible medical intervention to masculine or feminize their body before the onset of puberty; sex reassignment surgeries are recommended for those who have at least reached the age of 18 and have lived in their identified gender role for two years. (Beh Pietsch, 2004) Transsexuals can change their body through all , any or none of the following: sex hormones, electrolysis , plastic surgery, or sexual reassignment. (Transproud, 2009)) Grossman, D` Augellli, and Salter (2006) reported that the mean age of which transgender youth become aware of their gender identity is 10. 4 year. Transgender youth often face victimization, and experience verbal and physical harm by peers, siblings, parents and or stepparents; as a result, many face homelessness, sexual exploitation and substance abuses. Transgender youths are also particularly at risks for high rates of daily stressors, substance abuse, unprotected anal intercourse, needle sharing, risk of migrating silicon and sexual victimization. (Garofalo et al. , 2006) Trans adults face severe marginalization, and often experience unstable employment and housing, as well as a disproportionately high rates of violence, harassment, and discrimination in workplaces, schools and child welfare system. An estimated of 27.6 percent of trans women in North America is infected with HIV according to a recent meta analysis (Herbst et al. , 2008) and another 65 percent of trans people have contemplated suicide from one of the largest trans focused studies done so far. (Xavier et al. , 2007) The Trans PULSE project, which has been approved by the research ethics board at the University of Western Ontario, seeks to gather information about the health of trans people in Ontario, it is divided into three phases with the  last phase yet to be completed. The conclusion drawn from the project so far concluded that there trans people and their experience are often rendered invisible by health care services and providers due to the assumption that everyone is non trans and the lack of knowledge and willingness to acquire and incorporate information about trans people in research studies , textbooks and resources. (Bauer, Hammond, Travers, Kaay, Hohenadel and Boyce, 2009) According to an assessment study on behalf of the AIDS Committee of Toronto, many members of the trans community face many difficulties, such as the high rate of HIV, lack of access to medically prescribed hormones? lack of safer sex materials, insufficient health care and social services, as well as both intentional and unintentional misuse of pronoun and social marginalization. (Bauer, Hammond, Travers, Kaay, Hohenadel and Boyce, 2009) According to the research team at Trans PULSE, their objective is to give †the most statistically accurate picture of trans people possible in Ontario. † (Bauer, Boyce, Coleman, Kaay, Scanlon, Travers, 2010) One of the key findings of Trans PULSE is that there is almost an equal ratio of male to female individuals and female to male individuals; another key finding is that while a high percentage of research participants, 36 percent, have a university or college degree, only a total of 7 percent earned over 80,000 dollar annually while most are living below poverty line, with 50 percent of participants making less than 15,000 and 21 percent making between 15,000 to 29,999. Rejecting equal protection claim brought by pre-operative male-to-female transsexual based on evidence that Colorado provided hormone therapy to non-transsexual prisoners with low hormone levels and to post-operative male-to-female transsexuals); White v. Farrier, 849 F. 2d 322 (8th Cir. 1988) (holding that male-to-female transsexual prisoner is not entitled to cross-dress or wear cosmetics and does not have a constitutional right to hormone therapy); Meriwether v. Faulkner, 821 F. 2d 408 (7th Cir. 1987), cert. denied, 484 U. S. 935 (1987) (holding that transsexual prisoner is constitutionally entitled to some type of medical treatment for diagnosed condition of transsexualism, but she â€Å"does not have a right to any particular type of treatment, such as estrogen therapy†); Jones v. Flannigan, 1991 U. S. App. LEXIS 29606 (7th Cir. 1991) (same); Supre v. Ricketts, 792 F. 2d 958 (10th Cir. 1986) (same); Lamb v. Maschner, 633 F. Supp. 351 (D. Kansas 1986) (holding that transsexual prisoner had no right to hormone therapy). See also Cuoco v. Mortisugo, 222 F. 3d 99 (2nd Cir. 2000) (holding officials entitled to immunity against claim by transsexual pre-trial detainee who was denied hornomes). 2. See South v. Gomez, 211 F. 2d 1275, 2000 WL 222611 (9th Cir. 2000) (finding 8th Amendment violation where a prisoner’s course of hormone treatment was abruptly cut off after being transferred to a new prison). Cf. Kosilek v. Nelson, 2000 WL 1346898, at * 3 (D. Mass. 2000) (assuming without deciding that transsexualism is a serious medical need, but finding insufficient evidence of deliberate indifference). Cf. Wolf v. Horn, 130 F. Supp. 2d 648 (D. Pa. 2001) (noting that abrupt termination of prescribed hormonal treatment by a prison official with no understanding of Wolfe’s condition, and failure to treat her severe withdrawal symptoms or after-effects, could constitute â€Å"deliberate indifference†). 3. See also Phillips v. Michigan Department of Corrections, 731 F. Supp. 792 (W. D. Mich. 1990), aff’d, 932 F. 2d 969 (6th Cir. 1991) (granting preliminary injunction directing prison officials to provide estrogen therapy to a pre-operative transsexual woman who had been taking estrogen for several years prior to her transfer to a new prison and distinguishing failure â€Å"to provide an inmate with care that would improve his or her medical state, such as refusing to provide sex reassignment surgery† from â€Å"[t]aking measures which actually reverse the effects of years of healing medical treatment†). By Joe Lunievicz From Body Positive November 1996 Perception is everything. Are you a boy or a girl? Blue or pink? People view you as male or female, and this view is crucial to the way our society thinks, identifies, categorizes and defines each other. Its woven into the fabric of our daily existence, and God help anyone who challenges this two-party, male/female system. History has shown that you will be beaten verbally, spiritually, emotionally and/or physically if you challenge it. 4. Rosalyne Blumenstein, Director of the Gender Identity Project (GIP) at the Lesbian and Gay Community Services Center, and a female of transgender experience remembers, When I was a child, I was told boys dont play with dolls and to stop crying like a girl. I thought the way I was, was wrong. Most transgenders experience a sense of difference at a very early age, and that this difference is wrong. If you dont fit into your category (boy or girl), youre going to internalize that theres something wrong with you. 5. Some transgender people defy categorization. This tends to disorient people who need to neatly define the world. According to Rosalyne, many people ask transgenders why they arent either a man or a woman, and if they are unhappy with their gender, why they dont just have a sex change? When a transgender has a sex change, people then say, but youre not a real woman or man. Nora Molina, a peer educator at GIP and a self-identified Hispanic transexual woman adds, We are looked at as neither female nor male . . . we are treated like a foreign entity, a freak of nature. (Note: Rosalyne explained that one s in the word transsexual has been dropped to depathologize the word, and to empower and embrace the community). GIP, along with many other service providers, uses the term transgender as an umbrella term encompassing a diversity of gender expression including drag queens and kings, bi-genders, crossdressers, transgender people and transexuals. Advertisement 1. Transexuals are defined as people who find their gender identity their sense of themselves as male or female in conflict with their anatomical sex. Some transexuals may live part-time in their self-defined gender. Many desire to live fully in their self-identified gender. Some undergo hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgery. 2.

Things They Carried Reactions free essay sample

The Things They Carried Close Reading p. 1-26 Pages 3 and 4: So many items being carried†¦ what is the purpose? Quote(s): â€Å"Kiowa also carried his grandmothers distrust for the white man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pg. 3) â€Å"†¦The poncho weighed almost 2 pounds, but it was worth every ounce† (pg. 3) Meaningful words/ phrases: pounds, weighed, grunts, Kodacolor, Bonnie and Clyde Overall meaning/ author’s purpose: The soldiers do not only carry material goods, they also carry emotions. Such is Kiowa’s distrust for the white man, as well as fear, anxiety, resentment and hope. The author is trying to show that the men carry more than just material goods. Personal reaction/ insight: I thought the list of items was extensive, like reading an intense shopping list. Carrying all that gear must be overwhelming on long treks into the jungle. -Pages 6 and 7, 11-13 Ted Lavenders death Quote(s): â€Å"It was like watching a big rock fall, or a big sandbag or something- just boom, then down† (pg. We will write a custom essay sample on Things They Carried Reactions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6) â€Å"Kiowa kept explaining how you had to be there, how fast it was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pg. 13) Meaningful words/phrases: superstition, boom-down, moral, thumb, tunnel Overall meaning/ author’s purpose: Kiowa is in shock of Ted’s death, he’s not used to seeing someone dying in real life. He is curious at how it’s so fast and anticlimactic. The author shows here how these kids are alien to a world where their friends drop over dead like sand bags. Personal reaction/ insight: I have a feeling Kiowa is going to be very dramatized later in the story, although appearing fine in this passage. Page 13 and top of 14: conversation between Mitchell Sanders and Henry Dobbins Quote(s): â€Å"You want my opinion, Mitchell Sanders said, there’s a definite moral here. † (Pg. 13) â€Å"I don’t see no moral† (pg. 4) Meaningful words/ phrases: moral, pebble, blood, Paladin, gift, superstition Overall meaning/ author’s purpose: Mitchell Sanders bizarrely tries to teach a lesson in morals by using the example of a dead Vietnamese boy. Henry Dobbins is confused/frustrated at what moral Mitchell Sanders is trying to teach. The authors purpose is to show the bizarreness and frustration of the war. Personal reaction/ insight: I thought the cutting of the boys thumb was a bit gory/ unnecessary. I feel the same way as Henry Dobbins does, I’m confused at what point Mitchell Sanders is trying to make. Pages 19-23 stage presence, odd behavior, etc. Quote(s): â€Å"For the most part they carry themselves with poise, a kind of dignity† (p. 19) â€Å"They would repair the leaks in their eyes† (p. 19) Meaningful words/ phrases: dignity, sobbed, awkwardly, shame, hard vocabulary, zapped while zip-ping. Overall meaning/ author’s purpose: The author shows how the boys in Vietnam were putting on a show for each other. While trying to appear tough on the outside they were really terrified for their lives on the inside. They were not accustomed to such a harsh dangerous environment. So they would use humor, and hard vocabulary to lighten up harsh situations. Personal reaction/ insight: I can relate to this passage a lot. I often use humor to deflect many serious situations. However I find it hard to imagine being put into an environment like Vietnam without losing your cool, and defecating your pants. -Pages 23-26: the new Lt. Jimmy Cross Quote(s): â€Å"Jimmy Cross crouched at the bottom of his foxhole and burned Martha’s letters† (p. 23) â€Å"It was very sad, he thought. The things men carried inside. † (p. 25) Meaningful words/ phrases: letters burn the blame, duties, laxity, daydreams Overall meaning/ author’s purpose: Jimmy feels personally responsible for Lavenders death. He feels like if he wasn’t daydreaming about Martha he could’ve saved his life. He Burns Martha’s photographs, but cannot burn the blame he feels about Lavenders death. The author shows the fish out of water-ness of Jimmy, how he is not meant to be in a war, instead he should be back in NJ doing teenager things instead of playing army guy. Personal reaction/ insight: I feel for Jimmy, however I do not believe that it was his fault at all. I can understand how he feels guilty.

Legally Blonde Film Critique Essay

Legally Blonde Film Critique Essay Legally Blonde: Film Critique Essay Legally Blonde Summary Elle Woods (Reese Witherspoon) goes through many tolls to get her ex boyfriend Warner Huntington III (Matthew Davis) back after being dumped on a night she expected a proposal. Warner, focused only on being a successful senator, dumps Elle because she doesn’t fit the profile of a â€Å"smart trophy wife†. Elle decides to show Warner that she can be serious by applying to Harvard. Unfortunately, over the summer Warner found a more serious girlfriend and proposed to her leaving Elle devastated. Luckily, she runs into a third year student, Emmet (Luke Wilson), that is kind to her and gives her advice on how to survive her classes. She later befriends Paulette (Jennifer Coolidge) ,a manicurist with a huge crush on the mailman. Throughout the movie Elle grows and excels at being a law student and she even gets to be an intern for a law case involving one of her idols, Brooke Taylor-Windman (Ali Larter), who is being accused of murdering her late husband, Hayworth Wind man. After being hit on by her professor (Victor Garber), she quits the case. Thankfully she comes back because of some encouragement from one of her professors and ends up winning her case, and two years later she grdautes top of her class. Story Some events that are realistic include, but are not limited to applying to and getting into law school. Elle got into law school because she got an idea in her mind and stuck with it. She already had a 4.0 GPA and tons of extracurricular activities, not to mention she happened to be the president of her sorority. She also did meet and exceeded the requirement score of the LSAT. As the audience , we watched Elle change from a very pink Barbie into a serious lawyer. She set out to go to Harvard just for Warner to marry her, but on the way she found herslf and opened her eyes to the fact that she didn’t need him to marry her to be happy. So yes no matter how farfetched it sounds that a sorority girl from LA ends up being accepted into one of if not the most prestigious law school in the country, it sort of plausible. Structure The ntire movie was based in real places. The first few scenes were supposed ro be in a sorority house on the UCLA campus and the majority of the other scenes were supposed to be on the Harvard campus. Time passes relstively normally, meaning that there were no flashbacks,but it did seem like Elle was at school and then all of a sudden she was at the hairdressers’. Time passes as it does in all movies/television shows do. Days can go by in short clips in a matter of minutes. Characters Elle at first comes across as an stereotypical blonde party, sorority girl. It’s only clse to the end of the movie when we see her true more relateable colors. Warner comes across as a jerk from the beginning. When he makes it clear that he only dated Elle for fun and since he’s had his fun she’s no longer a part of his life. Paulette is an everyday anicurist who has it bad for the local UPS delivery guy. Upon her first appearance it’s obvious that she hears a lot of people’s issues and is flattered when Elle genuinely wants to help her. Vivian Kensington (Selma Blair), Warner’s fiancà ©, shows an obvious aversion to Elle. Whether it be she sees her as a threat due to her history with Warner or her looks. Professor Callahan didn’t seem like a creep until he tried to feel up Elle in his office. Acting Reese Witherspoon portrayed a sorority/ valley girl very effectively throughout the movie. Although the Valley girl dialect isn’t very common, at least in this part of the country, Witherspoon portrayed the Valley girl to the teeth. Her Harvard recruitment tape had me in stitches. Selma Blair had the mean lawyer attitude down. Many lawyers are very one sided and that’s important when you have to prove your client innocent and the other person wrong. Matthew Davis was very good as the jerk boyfriend that jumps from girl to girl just as it pleases him. Language

Briefing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Briefing assignment - Essay Example Spokane moves to the trial court to contest Skyline’s argument on monetary damages. The trial court accepts Spokane’s application and rules in their favor .Trial court then rules that there existed no agreement despite skyline being earlier on issued winning the contract through competitive bidding. Skyline is not appeased by the trial court judgment summary and moves to the court of appeal on grounds that they won the bid and the written awarded contract was a proof of an agreement. An award can be a prove of a contract depending on terms of bidding by any party. while arguing on company experience and employee experience one need o acknowledge the fact that competitive bidding is meant to create a level playing ground and that a public institution bases public interest first hence company experience runs supreme. Monetary damages and injunctive relief apply only between two private contracts and that public entity work based on public interest rather than personal benefits. Court of appeal division three agreed with the appellant on the fact that an award proved an existence of an agreement between the two parties. The court however ruled that the appellant was not entitled to monetary damages compensation because the contract agreement differed from other private agreement. The correspondent in this case was a public entity and worked based on set public policies. In that, any decision was based on public interest rather than personal befits and that awarding monetary compensation would be on the interest of the appellant rather than the public interest. The court acknowledged the fact that an award may be challenged in a court of law hence rejects Skylines argument on their position being different from rejected bidders. Glenn agrees to become a network provider at Health Link after signing HMO and PPO agreements. This agreement provided ground for renewal and termination of the contracts. Complaints

Organization theory and design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Organization theory and design - Essay Example In this aspect, any active organization has a specific structure that fits needs; the other role of organizational structure is facilitating efficiency through allocation of roles and responsibilities. The arrangement of different organizational activities also promotes efficiency as well as efficacy in production. The concept of organizational culture has been studied in various fields such as anthropology as well as sociology on a wide perspective. However, from these studies, no clear meaning of organizational culture has been provided; despite the lack of a clear meaning, several definitions have been provided such as: A set of commonly comprehended issues that an organization’s actions are undertaken, for instance; a form of language that applies to a specific organization. On the other hand, other social scientists have also described organizational culture as a benchmark formulated to perceive things, a system of skills commonly applied in an organization to promote evaluation of issues and processes. In addition, organizational culture plays a significant role by promoting reconceptualization of issues and process in different sectors: That is, to enhance the understanding of various stakeholders and the important role their organizations play within the society. It also enables stakeholders to a gain a deeper understanding of their goals, objectives as well as determining ways in which they relate to one another within and outside the organization. Organizational design, specifically organizational structure plays a key role in promoting the success of any organization. Poor organizational structure i.e. inappropriate methods of duties allocation, inappropriate methodologies applied to guide the flow of resources. Moreover, organization culture also plays a crucial role by promoting proper relationships among workers hence creating a harmonious working environment

Gender Roles in American Households Essay Example for Free

Gender Roles in American Households Essay The social phenomenon of changing gender roles in American households is explored in this paper. Are men and women sharing more equally in assuming household responsibilities? Do women still bear the majority of the responsibility? How do race, age, and cultural influence play a role in the division of labor in the household? I have done research on the change in gender roles among people of different ages, genders, and race. Data was collected to see if there is a difference in change between races, if there is a significant change in roles between generations, and if men and women view the change the same or differently. To gain the data I used surveying and interviewing as my research methodologies. These methods were used as they were the most practical ways to obtain enough information needed to form conclusions. Caucasian, Asian, and African Americans of both genders and diverse ages were surveyed and interviewed. I feel my research will show that with each generation, as more women entered the work force, the households of all races have undergone significant change in which women and men are sharing both work and domestic duties more equitably. That being said, the distribution of domestic chores does contribute to household stratification of gender roles. Both currently and historically race plays a role in that stratification. Gender role research is socially relevant because each individual in a household is impacted by it. Gender roles in the household can be a factor in whether a marriage is happy and successful. They also influence decision making in the family and parent and child relationships. Researchers could use my data to delve deeper into the impact of gender roles in different types of households. Since everyone grows up in some type of household setting, the research could have far reaching implications for most of the population. The first research method I choose to collect data is the survey. Using a survey to collect data allowed me to reach a large number of people. Family and friends helped in distributing and collecting the surveys. My parents work at a hospital, my Aunt is a teacher, and my friend attends a large university. That allowed me to reach the age groups, genders, and races I needed in order to collect enough data. Included in my survey were both questions about today and about the past. In addition, using a survey allowed me to ask questions that were not opened ended and could easily be converted to statistical data. In the end, I had responses from a minimum of fifteen respondents in each of eighteen categories. The categories are Caucasian females ages 19-30, Caucasian males ages 19-30, Caucasian females ages 31-49, Caucasian males ages 31-49, Caucasian females ages 50 and above, Caucasian males age 50 and above, and the same for both African Americans and Asian Americans. Because of the large number of groups I needed to collect data on, I felt 15 individuals per category would be a large enough number to get a representative sample. I looked at the responses and felt I had a good sample. Had that not been the case, I would have handed out more surveys. Included in the survey were questions on the household the person grew up in and questions about their household today. For example, respondents were asked if they were raised in a two parent home. This is a question I checked the responses to when I determined if I had collected enough surveys. It was necessary to have enough positive answers to this question since gender roles is the issue I am looking at. Also on the survey were questions asking your race and age, who you were raised by, if your mother worked outside the home, percentage of division of household chores, and whether the perceived change in gender roles is positive. I did not have any problems with the survey itself. The only difficulty was finding fifteen respondents for a few of the categories. The second research methodology I used was the interview. In interviewing I was hoping to be able to ask follow up questions and steer the interview in a direction that would supply me with the information I needed. The survey did not lend itself to follow up questions. In addition, participant observation and experimentation methodologies were not at all suited to investigate the question of changing household gender roles. I interviewed one person from each of the three races I was researching. In addition, each was from a different age category. All of the interviews were conducted separately as I would not have wanted to inconvenience the people who were nice enough to participate. All were interviewed once in an informal manner since I believe that discussing your childhood and present home life is best accomplished in a comfortable setting. I interviewed Dr. Espejo, a 49 year old of Asian decent by telephone as she was unavailable in person. Helen Bonokallie, a 24 year old of African decent was my second interview. I spoke with Helen at her workplace as she works third shift and that was most convenient for her. My last interview was with Sylvia Johnson, a 66 year old Caucasian. I interviewed her in her living room. I have known Sylvia my entire life and have a close personal bond with her. Aside from choosing my subjects for interviewing and directing the questions to get the answers I needed I did not shape the outcome of the interview. The survey results revealed several trends related to gender roles in American families. The following charts and statistical analysis help to clarify the collected data from the surveys. The three tables that follow represent each of the three races I surveyed. Each chart shows the three age groups surveyed and their responses to two questions. The first, as a child what percentage of household work was done by each of your parents? The second, in your home today, what percentage of household work is done by the male and what percentage is done by the female? Looking at the charts a few trends are seen. First, regardless of race, the percentage of work done by the male is greater in the adult household as compared to the father in the childhood home. That indicates that with each generation gender roles in the home have changed. Ratio of CaucasianCaucasianCaucasianCaucasianCaucasianCaucasian work doneAge 19-30Age 19-30Age 31-49Age 31-49Age 50+Age 50+ female:malechildhoodadultchildhoodadultchildhood adult In %householdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhousehold 50-504%40%0%38%0%0% 60-400%40%4%31%0%40% 70-3012%20%15%23%0%40% 75-250%0%11%8%0%13% 80-2014%0%0%0%20%7% 85-1512%0%11%0%3%0% 90-1058%0%30%0%30%0% 95-50%0%11%0%27%0% 100-00%0%18%0%20%0%. Ratio of AsianAsianAsianAsianAsianAsian work doneAge 19-30Age 19-30Age 31-49Age 31-49Age 50+Age 50+ female:malechildhoodadultchildhoodadultchildhood adult householdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhousehold 50-500%26%0%0%0%0% 60-400%39%0%16%0%0% 70-307%30%0%36%0%28% 75-2510%0%0%12%0%0% 80-2023%5%17%24%3%22% 85-157%0%10%12%13%0% 90-1050%0%30%0%23%36% 95-50%0%30%0%25%0% 100-03%0%13%0%36%14% Ratio of African AfricanAfricanAfricanAfricanAfrican work doneAge 19-30Age 19-30Age 31-49Age 31-49Age 50+Age 50+ female:malechildhoodadultchildhoodadultchildhood adult householdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhousehold 50-500%0%0%0%0%6%. 60-400%63%0%18%0%18% 70-3031%31%7%28%0%38% 75-2531%0%8%12%5%7% 80-2015%6%8%36%25%12% 85-150%0%23%0%0%0% 90-1023%0%46%6%30%19% 95-50%0%8%0%25%0% 100-00%0%0%0%15%0% In addition, under no circumstance did the males of any race or age perform more household work than the females. The data also shows that there is no difference in gender roles today among Caucasians, African Americans, and Asian Americans in the 19-30 age group. In the Asian American group of individuals fifty and older, 72% of women still do 80-100% of the household work today. In contrast, in the same age group, only 7% of Caucasian women and 31% of African American women perform 80-100% of household work. According to the 2004 United States Census, 69% of Asians were born in another country (Lee and Pituc 2007). This is significant in that many older Asian-Americans adhere to traditional cultural values. Traditional Asian gender roles prescribe for women to place the role of wife and mother above all others: men are expected to be the breadwinner and spokesperson. Asian cultural values consequently encourage distinct spheres for men and women and a gendered household division of labor in which the burden of household duties such as housekeeping tasks and childcare rest heavily on women (Lee and Pituc 2007: 1). The following graph was compiled based on the survey question; did your mother work outside the home? The y-axis is percentage of working mothers and the x-axis is the age of those surveyed. The graph shows that over time more mothers have become workers outside the home. It also indicates that for all age categories 70% of African American women were in the workforce. Kane stated â€Å"White women have a history of lower levels of labor force participation and higher levels of economic dependence on men than do African-American women† (2000 p. 421). This graph when looked at in conjunction with the 3 charts above shows a correlation between women working outside the home and men giving more help around the house. The last survey question was do you think the change in gender roles in the household is positive or negative. The results were 99% positive and 1% negative. The information obtained from my interviews mirrored the information I got from the surveys. Talking to Sylvia, the 66 year old Caucasian, the idea that generation and women in the workplace play a part in changing gender roles was reinforced. Sylvia related what her home was like as a child, indicating that household work was entirely done by her non-working mom. Her home on the other hand is different in that her husband does help out to some extent. She also said her children’s homes are even more equitable when it comes to dividing household chores. Dr. Espejo’s parents worked together and shared responsibilities in the home. It is the same in her home today, where she and her husband, both physicians, share household duties. Dr. Espejo stated that she feels sharing of household responsibilities strengthens the relationship between a husband and wife and between parents and children. This may be explained by a 2003 study conducted by Y. Espiritu. Trask (2006) states: Based on an analyses of various studies of Asian-American families, Espiritu found that more educated couples tended to share and practice greater egalitarian relationships within households. While women still performed more of the housework, their husbands did participate in all aspects of family work. This increased participation by men may be explained due to an equal monetary contribution from men and women which led to wives successfully forcing their husbands to participate in domestic chores. (P. 4) In my interview with Helen, she pointed out that sharing responsibility around the house helps to equalize the stress between both male and female. In the African- American household she grew up in her father did the cooking and laundry while her mother cleaned and helped the children with homework. A recent study has a possible explanation for the sharing of household work in Helen’s childhood home. The study concluded, â€Å"When referencing the family and work, black men may be less traditional because they are more sensitive to oppression in general, may share resistance with black women to racial inequality, and often gain acceptance of women in the workforce during early years while being raised by a single working mother† (Carter 2006: 209). In addition, Blee and Tickamyer state, â€Å"African American men do not equate masculinity with success, wealth, ambition, and power, but rather with self-determinism and accountability† (1995 p. 21). All three interview subjects expressed that change in gender roles where there is a more equal distribution of household responsibilities is very positive. The research I have done shows that over time gender roles have changed among the three races I studied. Every group I looked at had fathers who helped out less around the house than the males in their homes today. One important reason for this could be the fact that over time more women have entered the workforce outside the home. It simply has become a necessity for men to help out more around the house. In addition to more women in the work force, culture and race play a role in gender and the household stratification of gender roles. Culture remains important to many Asians Americans, especially the older generation. In those cultures Asian men are seen as the breadwinner and women as household caretakers. That dictates women being almost entirely responsible for the household. In contrast, African American men do not define their masculinity by success, but instead by accountability. That leads to many African American men being more equitable in sharing household chores. Since everyone in a household is affected by gender roles, this subject is very important socially. It is a subject worth investigating further as the findings could impact many people. References Blee, Kathleen and Ann Tickamyer. 1995. â€Å"Racial Differences in Men’s Attitudes about Women’s Gender Roles. † In Journal of Marriage and Family. Vol. 57, pps 21-30. Carter, J. Scott and Mamadi Corra. 2009. â€Å"The Interaction of Race and Gender: Changing Gender Role Attitudes, 1974-2006. † In Social Science Quarterly. Vol. 90, pps 196-211 Kane, Emily. 2000. â€Å"Racial and Ethnic Variations in Gender-Related Attitudes. † In Annual Review of Sociology. Vol. 26, pps 419-436 Lee, Sandra and Stephanie Pituc. 2007. â€Å"Asian Women and Work-Family Issues. † In Sloan Work and Family Research Encyclopedia. pps 1-6 Trask, Bahira. 2006. â€Å"Traditional Gender Roles. † In Sloan Work and Family Research Encyclopedia. pps 1-5.

Cloning Essay -- Clone Science Nature Wildlife Conservation Essays

Cloning Abstract The question to clone or not to clone is currently center stage of scientific debate. Since the birth of Dolly, the sheep, in 1997 the controversial question of cloning has been paramount throughout the entire globe. The question is no longer whether it can be done, but whether is should be done and to what extent. We have already cloned goats, mice, monkeys, cattle, and pigs (Cloning fact sheet). Scientists are now trying to get approval to clone humans or at least parts of them (Eccleston, CNN). All of these clonings have led to much criticism and controversy, but the latest attempt at cloning is that of endangered and possibly already extinct species in hopes of preserving them. This short paper will give a brief description of cloning and the pros and cons of preserving endangered and extinct species via means of cloning. Introduction There are different types of cloning. One type led by researchers at the Human Genome Project entails the copying of genes and parts of chromosomes in order to get enough identical genetic material to do further research, which they believe could help prevent human diseases in the future (Cloning fact sheet). Another type of cloning is called Blastomere separation, also known as twinning. In this case they split an egg (embryo), soon after it has been fertilized which results in two or more embryos, twins, containing the same exact DNA from both parents (Cloning fact sheet). However, Dolly, was cloned from only one parent. To do this, scientists must take an egg, empty out its genetic material, and replace it with genetic material from another animal by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer (Cloning fact sheet). This means that on... ...ed: Eccleston, J., Baum, M.D. 2000. Cloning complications: British plan on human embryos stirs an international debate. http://www.cnn.com/2000/fyi/news/08/29/human.cloning/index.tr.html. 3 pages. Accessed 10/26/2000. Lanza, R.P., Dresser, B.L., Damiani, P. 2000. Cloning Noah's Ark: biotechnology might offer the best way to keep some endangered species from disappearing from the planet. Scientific American. Vol. 283: 84-89. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R., Mittermeier, C.G., Da Fonseca, G.A.B., Kent, J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature. Vol. 403: 853-858. Reaves, J. 2000. Bring back the DoDo! Brave new strides in animal cloning. Time daily. http://www.time.com/time/daily/0,2960,57207,00.html. 2 pages. Accessed 10/26/2000. Unknown. Cloning Fact Sheet. www.ornl.gov/hgmis. 3 pages. Accessed 10/26/2000.

Celta Assignment- Lesson from the Classroom

We are almost half way through the CELTA course and it is admirable that all of us have had such a tremendous growth curve. Personally, I know I have become much more confident about standing in front of a classroom full of students and talking about different aspects of English language. I discovered the very first day that it was important to establish a good rapport with the students and be comfortable talking with them.I learned it was also important to engage students in conversation rather than assume the role of a traditional teacher. When Guy commented on September 13, after my first lesson, that I established a good rapport with the students and marked my performance on â€Å"building/maintaining a good rapport† above the standard, I felt more comfortable from the second lesson onwards. I think I also did well in class management from the beginning. I made sure I kept all students involved in the ongoing activity.In the third week, Guy as well as my peers commented th at I dealt well with the student arriving late, and also another student asking a question which I did not know the answer to but confidant enough to use my ipad to search for the correct answer and gave it to her. I think my class management skills have only improved since then. Also on October 4, my forth lesson, Gui wrote: â€Å"well done† in the additional notes on my ability to focus accurately and clearly on specific lexis and grammar (meaning, form, phonology) and to include effective use of the white board or other visual support.Guy also commented on my first lesson TP feedback that I did a good job explaining some difficult lexis i. e. effortless, lean meat†¦ I think I have developed adequate skills to teach lexis. (300) I haven't done a very good job at providing productive practice to students because I don't time my lessons too well. During my first and third lesson, students didn't have enough time for speaking or even practicing the grammar thought at the end of the lesson.In my TP feedback on September 13, Guy suggested that I should give students a â€Å"restrict time limit† to avoid wasting so much time on every task. Gui also commented in my TP feedback from my third lesson, on September 27, that although I was able to contextualize well but not economically and consequently not enough time for even a controlled practice. However, I feel the area I really need to develop and work on in future is my lesson planning. Since the beginning of the course, I have never felt comfortable with my lesson plans and it has not improved yet.The lack of detailed information is still there, even in my latest lesson plan. I’ve been advised by both Guy and Gui to include more information in my plans about analyzing the language used in each lesson and identifying potential problems and how to respond to them. Another area that I am very self-conscious of is my own oral and written language. I am not an English native speaker and I co nstantly think that I may use inaccurate language when I am speaking in the class.As Guy has drawn my attention to this point in my stage one progress record on September 22, I need to provide accurate and appropriate models of both oral and written language in the classroom. (270) I must add that I have gained a lot by observing both experienced and CELTA trainee teachers. I think I have gained most by observing my CELTA colleagues. I have learnt from their mistakes and picked up many good techniques from them. Observing Guy in the first week of the class was a big bonus. He was so much at ease in class, so much at home.He made the students feel comfortable and involved his Intermediate English students in the process of teaching and learning. His lesson thought me it is very important to have an interesting lead in and connect it smoothly into the main aim of the lesson. It was also great to observe Hayley because it showed how exciting a grammar practice can be to students. Hayle y prepared a police-thief game for the students to investigate a crime using present perfect tense. I found it a very effective method of practicing the language for students and at the same time they enjoyed speaking English.I learned about collocation when I observed John’s and Martina’s lesson on lexis. John allowed the students to speak about different types of relationships and elicited the words that go side by side together such as: ‘married to’ or ‘mother-in-law’. Martina also did the same with eliciting the focus lexis which were comparative and superlative adjectives. Observing James made me realize the effect of proper use of voice when he used his firm voice to say: ‘liar’ while instructing a complicated game. (250) Total word count: 820

Is Religion Just a Matter of Choice of Human Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The potential recruit is involved in many meetings and activities and this adhesion process is known as fascination . In Belgium, it has been called a prison term where beatings, violence, threats and psychological manipulation is used to persuade an individual. Geneva states that the freedom of the member is violated. Coercion and imposition of religious beliefs lead to psychological damage. It is even a waste of emotional and psychological energies (Wright 1984, p. Walsh (2001, p. 121) cites several papers that have reported the use of mind control and coercion with negative psychological consequences including a study of 102 patients with prior involvement with religious cults, confirming the use of techniques similar to the brainwashing techniques used in Communist China during the 50s. Entertainment is seen as corrupting and the members are allowed information that is group originated (Walsh 2001). This alienates the members from the society at large and serves to estrange the cult members families. The members are even dictated how to think, act and feel. Wright (1984, p. 172) cites several studies where participation in religious movements takes people out of their social network and career paths and it could hinder one s educational and occupational opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Religion Just a Matter of Choice of Human or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Why should one have to undergo an exit therapy to leave a cult? Those that defect voluntarily explain the greater levels of tolerance and understanding.